阅读理解（二）
前言
阅读理解主要是考察考生对标准书面英语的理解能力。因为考察的文章可能是关于任何主题的文章，所以最好的准备方法是“广读”，熟悉各种主题，这样你就有可能快速解题，甚至不看文章直接解题。同时还要注意词汇和语法的积累，并在阅读中有意识地提高自己的阅读速度。
根据近几年的题型的内容，我们总结出以下几个考试特点：
1.阅读理解的文章主题有时重复。针对于此，我们不妨有侧重地记住一些常考内容，作为知识储备，以便在考试中占据主动。
2.阅读理解题目类型日趋多样化，复杂化，难度也相应增加。如：
With which of the following ideas would author be likely to agree?
3.考试中词组题目比重有增加的趋势。
阅读题类型及其特点：阅读题目通常有6种题型，分别是：
1．主题性问题；题目的形式是问及“Main idea”，如：what is the main idea/point of the passage? “Topic”，如： what is the main topic of this passage?
2．细节性问题，即选择与文章内容相符的答案；
3．推断性问题，
即要求从文章的内容推断答案的选择题；
4．反事实认定问题，
即哪些事实在文章中并没称述的问题；
5．词义/句义解释问题，即询问语句/词义的问题；
6．确定指示物问题，
即询问某一代词或语句所指为何的问题；
解题方法：
考生在做文章阅读中一般采用先看文章---做题目---有拿不准的问题再回头读文章---然后再继续做题，这样的做题效率很低，而且还抓不住重点。所以我们在这里介绍另一种方法：先看题---看题目，并同时开始借助常识和知识背景进行答案判断和筛选，并记住大致的考点，利用问题句或备选项中的特征词在文章中快速地查找到答案相关句，对比答案相关句和备选项，判断答案。
本讲讲学目的
通过阅读理解题的讲解，向考生介绍解答这种题型的思路，并借助例题进行英语词汇和语法的复习。
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例题解析：
Part Three Reading Comprehension (50 minutes, 30points)
Directions: There are six passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. you should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.
Passage 1
Listening to music while you drive can improve your reaction time and ability to avoid hazards, according to Australian psychologists. But turning your car stereo up to full volume could probably make you end up in an accident.
The performance of complex tasks can be affected if people are subjected to loud noise. The experience of pulling up at traffic lights alongside cars shaking with heavy bass prompted some psychologists in the University of Sydney to investigate whether loud music interferes with driving.
The psychologists recruited 60 men and women aged between 20 and 28 as subjects and tested them on simulated driving tasks under three noise conditions: silence, rock music played at a gentle 55 decibels(分贝), and the same music roaring out at 85 decibels.
For 10 minutes the subjects sat in front of a monitor operating a steering wheel and foot pedals representing the brake and accelerator. They had to track a moving disk on screen, respond to traffic signals changing color, and brake in response to arrows that appeared without warning.
On the tracking task, there was no difference in performance under the three noise conditions. But under both the loud and quiet conditions, the volunteers braked at a red light about 50 milliseconds sooner than they did when there was no rock music at all. That could mean a reduction in braking distance of a couple of meters potentially, the difference between life and death for a pedestrian(行人).
When it came to the arrows that appeared across the visual field the psychologists found that when the music was quiet, people responded faster to objects in their central field of vision by about 50 milliseconds. For the people listening at 85 decibels, response times dropped by a further 50 milliseconds - a whole tenth of a second faster than those driving with no music.
But there's a trade-off, the psychologists told the European Congress of Psychology. They lose the ability to scan the environment effectively. In responding to objects intruding on their peripheral vision (周围视界), people subjected to 85-decibel rock music were around 100 milliseconds slower than both the other groups. Since some hazards -- such as children running into the road -- emerge from the periphery, drivers listening to loud music must be less safe as a result.
41. Which of the following is the best way to make driving safer?
A. loud music.
B. Quiet music.
C. Silence.
D. Full-volume stereo music.
42. What does the phrase pulling up in paragraph two mean?
A. stopping.
B. Giving somebody a lift.
C. Putting up with.
D. Driving.
43. Where did the researchers do the experiment?
A. At crossroads.
B. At a police traffic station.
C. In a crowded street.
D. Under simulated conditions.
44. Which of the following didn't help the volunteers to brake sooner at red lights?
A. Silence.
B. Loud music.
C. Quiet music
D. Rock music.
45. Which of the following is NOT true of loud music?
A. It helped the volunteers to brake sooner at red light.
B. It helped the volunteers to respond faster to objects in their central field of vision.
C. It helped the volunteers to respond faster to objects intruding on their peripheral vision.
D. It can do more good than harm to drivers.
答案及解析：
利用问题句的内容判断文章主题与“开车听音乐”有关。
41．B．该题是有关细节方面的题。从文章开头进行查找，注意提到“音乐”的句子。这样在第一段中找到答案相关句，推断出B是最佳答案。
Listening to music while you drive can improve your reaction time and ability to avoid hazards, according to Australian psychologists. But turning your car stereo up to full volume could probably make you end up in an accident.
语法补充：
动名词（或动名词短语）在句中起名词的作用，可用作主语、表语、宾语（动词或介词的宾语）和定语等。
动名词结构作主语：
e.g. Swimming is never as fast as running. / 游泳永远不会像跑那么快。
e.g. Talking about it is no use. / 谈论此事并无用处。
注意：动名词（或动名词短语）作主语时，有时句中使用形式主语it，如：
e.g. It is no use talking about it./ 谈论此事并无用处。
这样的动名词做主语的句型
It is +no use , no good , fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time ,a bore 等名词+ doing sth.
It is +useless, nice , good ,interesting, worthwhile, pointless, expensive 等形容词+doing sth.
e.g. Reading is an art./阅读是门艺术。
e.g. Seeing is believing /眼见为实。
e.g. It is no use crying./哭没有用。
e.g. It is no good objecting./反对没有用。
e.g. It is a great fun playing football./ 打篮球很有趣。
e.g. It is a waste of time trying to explain./设法解释是浪费时间。
e.g. It is useless speaking./ 光说没用。
e.g. It is nice seeing you again./真高兴又遇到了你。
e.g. It is expensive running this car./ 开这种小车费钱。
end up vi.结束,停止,终于
turn up vt. 开大，调高增加速度、音量，强度或流量; 出现；
到达
e.g. Turn up the public-address system.调高播音系统的音量
e.g. Several old friends turned up at the reunion.好几个老朋友出现在聚会上
(接第八讲下)42．A．该题问及文章中某个短语的含义，
借助上下文解题。根据搭配结构“at traffic lights/在红绿灯处”判断A最合理。
（The performance of complex tasks can be affected if people are subjected to loud noise.） The experience of pulling up at traffic lights alongside cars shaking with heavy bass prompted some psychologists in the University of Sydney to investigate whether loud music interferes with driving.
alongside: By the side of; side by side with.在…旁边；与…并排
prompt: （常与to连用）促使；怂恿
e.g. What prompted you to do such a thing?
什么促使你做出这样的事来？
interfere: （常与with连用）瞎弄，乱弄；干扰
e.g. Don't interfere with him. He's preparing for the final exams.
他在为期末考试作准备,不要打扰他。
whether: conj.是…还是不是
e.g. Whether the football game will be played depends on the weather.
足球比赛是否举行将视天气而定。
e.g. We shall not know whether the experiment has been successful until we have received a radio message.
等我们接到无线电信息时,才会知道试验是否成功。
43．D．该题也是细节方面的题，从上一题的答案位置往下找答案相关句。这样在第3段中找到答案相关句。
The psychologists recruited 60 men and women aged between 20 and 28 as subjects and tested them on simulated driving tasks under three noise conditions: silence, rock music played at a gentle 55 decibels(分贝), and the same music roaring out at 85 decibels.
age/font>
act [be] one's age行为和年龄相称
at the age of在...岁时
be [come] of age 成年; 足龄; 成熟(通常为十八或二十岁)发达, 充分发展
be over [under] age 超过[未达]适龄
roar vt, vi. 吼；咆啸；怒号
（常与out连用）高声发出，大声表示
e.g. The crowd roared their approval. 群众高声喊叫表示同意。
44．A。问题问及在红灯下的刹车情况，于是利用“red light”作为答案线索词，于是在第5段找到答案相关句。
（On the tracking task, there was no difference in performance under the three noise conditions.） But under both the loud and quiet conditions, the volunteers braked at a red light about 50 milliseconds sooner than they did when there was no rock music at all. That could mean a reduction in braking distance of a couple of meters potentially, the difference between life and death for a pedestrian(行人).
couple: 一对, 情侣通过订婚或婚姻结合在一起的两个人; 数个；几个：
e.g. a couple of days.几天
than: conj.[用于形容词、副词比较级之后]比较; 比
e.g. He is taller than his brother.他比他的兄弟长得高。
e.g. I know you better than he (does).我比他更了解你。
Comp: I know you better than him.我对你比对他更了解。
45．C。问题问哪个说法不正确，观察被选项的特点：根据上面的题的解答判断A正确，B和C都提到了物体，D是概括句。利用“objects和loud music”作为答案线索词，在最后一段中找到答案相关句。
When it came to the arrows that appeared across the visual field the psychologists found that when the music was quiet, people responded faster to objects in their central field of vision by about 50 milliseconds. For the people listening at 85 decibels, response times dropped by a further 50 milliseconds - a whole tenth of a second faster than those driving with no music.（与B的说法一致）
But there's a trade-off, the psychologists told the European Congress of Psychology. They lose the ability to scan the environment effectively. In responding to objects intruding on their peripheral vision (周围视界), people subjected to 85-decibel rock music were around 100 milliseconds slower than both the other groups. Since some hazards -- such as children running into the road -- emerge from the periphery, drivers listening to loud music must be less safe as a result.
respond: （常与to连用）反应；回报
e.g. The plane responds well to the controls.这飞机对操纵反应灵敏。
subject: n. 主题；学科；科目; （人或动物）被挑选的研究对象
adj.受他人统治的; 倾向于…；
易于…; 使经历；使遭受
e.g. English is one of our school subjects.
英语是我们学校的学习科目之一。
e.g. to be subject to cold
易患感冒
e.g. They were subject to great suffering.
他们遭受了巨大痛苦。
as a result: adv.结果；
e.g. As a result, there is often trouble in American families.
因此,美国家庭中常常会出现麻烦事。
其他句子结构：
1．For 10 minutes the subjects sat in front of a monitor operating a steering wheel and foot pedals representing the brake and accelerator.
语法补充：
动名词结构作定语：
e.g. These dialogues may be used as listening materials. (= materials for listening)/ 这些对话可用作听力材料。
e.g. The Reading Room of the British
Museum is a large round hall. (=Room for Reading)/ 不列颠博物馆的阅览室是一个巨大的圆厅。
现在分词结构作补足语：
分词或分词短语可作补足语。要求分词或分词短语作补足语的常见的动词多为“感觉”和“使役”动词，有feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, make, notice, see, set, smell, start, watch等。
1) 作宾语补足语
e.g. He heard the clock striking six./ 他听到钟声敲6点。
e.g. We watched the workmen sawing the trees./ 我们看工人锯树。
2) 作主语补足语
把上述句子改成被动语态，原来的宾语补语就成为主语补足语了。
e.g. The clock was heard striking six./ 听到钟声敲6点。
e.g. The workmen were watched sawing the trees./ (人们)看工人锯树。
2. They had to track a moving disk on screen, respond to traffic signals changing color, and brake in response to arrows that appeared without warning.
Without prep.没有，不
e.g. He went away without taking leave. 他不辞而别。
Passage 2
The value of childhood is easily blurred (变得模糊不清) in today's world. Consider some recent developments: The child-murderers in the Jonesboro, Ark. schoolyard shooting case were convicted and sentenced. Two boys, 7 and 8, were charged in the murder of an 11-year-old girl in Chicago.
Children who commit horrible crimes appear to act of their own will. Yet, as legal proceedings in Jonesboro showed, the one boy who was able to address the court couldn't begin to explain his acts, though he tried to apologize. There may have been a motive -- youthful jealousy(妒忌) and resentment. But a deeper question remains: Why did these boys and others in similar trouble apparently lack any inner, moral restraint?
That question echoes for the accused in Chicago, young as they are. They wanted the girl's bicycle, a selfish impulse common enough among kids.
Redemption (拯救) is a practical necessity. How can value be restored to young lives distorted (扭曲) by acts of violence? The boys in Jonesboro and in Chicago will be confined in institutions for a relatively short time. Despite horror at what was done, children are not -- cannot be -- dealt with as adults, not if a people wants to consider itself civilized. That's why politicians' cries for adult treatment of youthful criminals ultimately miss the point.
But the moral void (真空) that invites violence has many sources. Family instability (不稳定) contributes. So does economic stress. That void, however, can be filled. The work starts with parents, who have to ask themselves whether they're doing enough to give their children a firm sense of right and wrong. Are they really monitoring their activities and their developing processes of thought？
Schools, too, have a role in building character. So do youth organizations. So do law enforcement agencies, which can do more to inform the young about laws, their meaning, and observance(遵守).
The goal, ultimately, is to allow all children a normal passage from childhood to adulthood(成年), so that tragic gaps in moral judgement are less likely to occur. The relative few who fill such gaps with acts of violence hint at many others who don't go that far, but who lack the moral foundations childhood should provide -- and which progressive human society relies on.
1. The boys in Chicago were
A) shot.
B) murdered.
C) accused.
D) sentences.
2. The boys in Jonesboro and Chicago apparently lacked a sense of
A) right and wrong.
B) discipline.
C) shame.
D) safety.
3. According to politicians, when children commit crimes, they should be treated in the same ways as
A) murderers.
B) criminals.
C) victims.
D) adults.
4. Which of the following does the writer cite as a source of moral void?
A) official corruption.
B) Social injustice.
C) Family instability.
D) Racial discrimination.
5. Which of the statements is not true according to this passage?
A) Parents should strengthen moral instruction.
B) Schools should help create a moral sense in children.
C) Law enforcement agencies should do more to help children understand laws.
D) Youth organizations play no role in building character.
答案
1．C。利用问题句中的特征词“Chicago”和中心词“boys”为答案线索词，这样在第一段的最后1句中找到直接答案相关句，借助该句的句意判断答案为C（指控）。
2．A．利用问题句中的特征词“Chicago”
和“Jonesboro”，和中心词“lack”作为答案线索词，这样在第2段的最后一句中找到直接答案相关句，并借助前后句的句意综合判断A正确（正误感）。
3．D．利用问题句中的中心词“treat”和“politicians”作为答案线索词，这样在第4段的最后两句中找到直接答案相关句，根据这两句判断答案为D。
Despite horror at what was done, children are not -- cannot be -- dealt with as adults, not if a people wants to consider itself civilized. That's why politicians' cries for adult treatment of youthful criminals ultimately miss the point.
4．C．利用问题句中的中心词“moral void”作为答案线索词，同时注意被选项中的用词。这样在第5段第2句中找到直接答案相关句。并结合下文综合判断C（家庭的不稳定）是答案。
5．D．这道题可以借助常识直接选择答案为D。也可以依据原文：题干中没有提供任何的线索词，这样借助被选项中的中心词或特征词，从而一一对被选项进行筛选，最后判断答案为D。
The work starts with parents, who have to ask themselves whether they're doing enough to give their children a firm sense of right and wrong. Are they really monitoring their activities and their developing processes of thought？（A）
Schools, too, have a role in building character（B）. So do youth organizations.（D的说法与该句的含义正好相反） So do law enforcement agencies, which can do more to inform the young about laws, their meaning, and observance(遵守).（C）
语言注释
para.1 convict 证明有罪 convict sb. of murder 判决某人有杀人罪
sentence 宣判
charge 指控 charge sb with theft 控告某人行窃
accuse 控告 accuse sb of taking bribes 控告某人受贿
para.2 legal proceeding 法律诉讼。
address the court 向法庭讲话，在法庭上陈述。
resentment 愤慨，怨恨。
moral restraint 克制，道德约束。
Para.3 impulse 冲动
Para.4 confine 限制，监禁
institution 社会事业机构（指学校，医院等）
miss the point 不得要领，抓不住要点。
Para.5 contribute 作出贡献
monitor 监控
para.6 law enforcement agencies 执法机构
inform sb about … 告诉某人某事
阅读理解（三）
前言
阅读理解是我们很熟悉的题型，这种题型是对考生英语综合能力的考察：即考察考生的词汇量的大小，又考察考生对语法掌握的情况，这也是为什么不少考生有些“惧怕”这部分考题的原因，但其实对于该部分的考题只要我们掌握了有效的解题技巧，我们是完全可能在这部分拿到高分的。为了解答好该部分的考题，我希望大家在复习的过程中除了每天应该尽量阅读一定量的文章（最好是3-4篇文章），同时要注意阅读方法的采用。另外，还应该注意总结文章主题和文章的文体对在解答问题的思路的影响，只有在做题的过程中不断的总结才会有提高。
本讲教学目的
通过阅读理解题的讲解，向考生介绍解答这种题型的思路，并借助例题进行英语词汇和语法的复习。
例题解析：
Part Three Reading Comprehension (50 minutes, 30points)
Directions: There are six passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. you should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.
Passage 1
As technologys benefits have made computers an increasingly important part of our society, an accurate and candid assessment of the risk of catastrophic (灾难性的) cyber attacks has become a national priority. Criminal hackers could seriously threaten the operation of businesses and governments across the nation and around the world. The threat is real, increasing and already has proven costly.
The variety and severity of computer virus that have spread across the Internet in just the last few years underscores the impact. Cyber attacks --ranging from the ILOVEYOU virus to the Trinoo attacks and the recent Ramen, Lion and Code Red worms -- have cost an estimated $ 5 billion.
Today, computer systems are at the heart of government operations ranging from the smallest city hall to the Pentagon. They are an essential part of the critical infrastructures that drive our economy, including telecommunications, energy transmission, financial services, manufacturing, water distribution, transportation and health care.
Securing these critical infrastructures will require close collaboration between government and the private sector, continued efforts to enhance technology security, tougher penalties for cyber crimes and increased funding for law enforcement efforts to fight them.
Today, criminal hackers are working around the clock and around the world to find and exploit vulnerabilities (弱点) in software, steal data, violate peoples privacy and maliciously shut down computer networks. Additional resources are needed by the Department of Justice and FBI to hire, train and equip agents and prosecutors specializing in cyber crime. International cyber crime laws and penalties must be strengthened. The author of the Lovebug virus remains free because his nation did not have cyber crime laws. The AnnaKournikova virus caused billions of dollars in damage, but the individual who distributed it received only 150 hours of community service as a penalty.
As an industry leader, Microsoft recognizes its responsibility to address the challenges of cyber crime. In October, we announced a Strategic Technology Protection Program - an unprecedented mobilization of Microsoft resources to help customers of all sizes secure and protect their computing systems and data. A key part of this program is the Secure Windows Initiative -- Microsofts commitment to improving its won software development processes in order to deliver more secure and reliable products and technologies. While no software system is 100 percent virus proof or vulnerability free, we are committed to doing everything possible to help ensure our customers security in this increasingly interconnected world.
1. According to the passage, cyber attacks are____.
A. disastrous
B. risky
C. accurate
D. natural
2. The impact in line 2, para.2 refers to the impact of___.
A. variety and severity
B. computer viruses
C. the Internet
D. cyber attack
3. In order to secure the critical infrastructure, all of the following are required except___.
A. closer cooperation between government and the private sector
B. tougher punishment for computer criminals
C. increased funding for enforcing computer crime laws
D. narrowing the range in which computer systems are used
4. It can be inferred from the passage cyber crime may be encouraged by___
A. vulnerabilities in software
B. lack of cyber crime laws and penalties
C. inefficient work of FBI
D. inability to detect computer virus
5. As stated in the passage, Microsoft is committed to___
A. eliminating all computer viruses from network.
B. making software systems 100% virus proof and vulnerability free
C. helping customers recognize cyber crimes
D. developing more secure and reliable products and technologies.
答案及解析：
1．A．
解题思路：词汇题。利用“cyber attacks”作为答案线索词，答案相关句在第一段。
考点：该题考察近义词。
As technologys benefits have made computers an increasingly important part of our society, an accurate and candid assessment of the risk of catastrophic (灾难性的) cyber attacks has become a national priority.
Vocabulary/font>
Assess: vt. 估定(财产, 价值等), 评估(人物、工作等)
e.g. Damages were assessed at 1000 RMB.
损失估计达一千元人民币。
Candid: adj.无偏见的, 公正的, 坦白的, 率直的
Synonyms: direct, frank, sincere, straightforward
e.g. To be candid, I dont agree.
坦率地说，我不同意。
Accurate: adj.准确的；精确的
e.g. an accurate answer 准确的答案
Disastrous: adj.灾难性的, 悲惨的; 招致不幸的; 造成重大伤亡的
e.g. a disastrous flood水灾
e.g. a disastrous mistake严重错误
2．D．
解题思路：细节题。注意利用搭配，句意和上下文解题。
考点：定冠词结构的指代内容。
The variety and severity of computer virus that have spread across the Internet in just the last few years underscores the impact. Cyber attacks --ranging from the ILOVEYOU virus to the Trinoo attacks and the recent Ramen, Lion and Code Red worms -- have cost an estimated $ 5 billion.
Vocabulary/font>
Impact: n.碰撞, 冲击, 冲突, 影响, 效果
e.g. impact of modern science upon society as a whole
现代科学对整个社会的影响
underscore: vt.划线于...下, 强调
3．D．
解题思路：是非题。该题可借助常识直接判断答案。利用secure..infrastructure作为答案线索词，这样发现答案相关内容在第4段。
解题窍门：对于是非题可以从D往A辨认答案。
Today, computer systems are at the heart of government operations ranging from the smallest city hall to the Pentagon. They are an essential part of the critical infrastructures that drive our economy, including telecommunications, energy transmission, financial services, manufacturing, water distribution, transportation and health care.
Securing these critical infrastructures will require close collaboration between government and the private sector(对应A), continued efforts to enhance technology security, tougher penalties for cyber crimes（对应B） and increased funding for law enforcement efforts to fight them（对应C）.
Vocabulary/font>
Essential: adj.本质的, 实质的, 基本的, 提炼的, 精华的
Synonyms: basic, fundamental, important, necessary, vital
e.g. Food is essential to life.
食物是维持生命不可或缺的。
Collaboration: n.协作
Enhance: vt.增加；提高
Synonyms: improve
e.g. Passing the English examination should enhance your chances of getting the post.
通过了英语考试该会增加你获得这个职位的机会。
Tough: adj.强壮的；坚强的；吃苦耐劳的；强硬的；顽强的很坏的；糟透的；
e.g. a tough policy 强硬的政策
e.g. as tough as leather 像皮革一样坚韧
Enforce: vt.推行，实施（法律等）, （与on连用）强迫，强制
Synonyms: compel, drive, execute, force
e.g. The police enforce the law. 警察执法。
4．B．
解题思路：推断题。利用Cyber crime作为答案线索词，发现答案相关内容在第5段。
Today, criminal hackers are working around the clock and around the world to find and exploit vulnerabilities (弱点) in software, steal data, violate peoples privacy and maliciously shut down computer networks. Additional resources are needed by the Department of Justice and FBI to hire, train and equip agents and prosecutors specializing in cyber crime. International cyber crime laws and penalties must be strengthened. The author of the Lovebug virus remains free because his nation did not have cyber crime laws. The AnnaKournikova virus caused billions of dollars in damage, but the individual who distributed it received only 150 hours of community service as a penalty.
Vocabulary/font>
Around the clock: adv.连续不断
Exploit: vt.开发；开拓
e.g. to exploit the oil under the sea
开发海底石油
Specialize: vi, vt. 专攻；专门研究；专务
e.g. That doctor specializes in childrens illnesses.
那位医生专门研究儿科疾病。
Remain: vi.保持, 逗留, 剩余, 残存, 继续
Synonyms: continue, endure, keep on
e.g. I went to the city, but my brother remained at home.
我去了城市，可弟弟留在了家里。
e.g. Peter became a judge but John remained a fisherman.
彼得当了法官，但约翰仍然是个渔民。
Distribute: v. 分；分发
Synonyms: spread
e.g. to distribute books to students 给学生发书
Who: …的人
e.g. a man who wants to see you
那个要见你的人
e.g. The man who lives in that house is my uncle.
住在那座房子里的人是我叔叔。
e.g. George, who lives in Scotland, came late.
乔治，他住在苏格兰，来晚了。
5．D。
解题思路：细节题。利用Microsoft作为答案线索词，发现答案相关内容在最后一段。
As an industry leader, Microsoft recognizes its responsibility to address the challenges of cyber crime. In October, we announced a Strategic Technology Protection Program - an unprecedented mobilization of Microsoft resources to help customers of all sizes secure and protect their computing systems and data. A key part of this program is the Secure Windows Initiative -- Microsofts commitment to improving its won software development processes in order to deliver more secure and reliable products and technologies. While no software system is 100 percent virus proof or vulnerability free, we are committed to doing everything possible to help ensure our customers security in this increasingly interconnected world.
Vocabulary/font>
Recognize: vt.认可, 承认, 公认, 赏识
Synonyms: accept, acknowledge, admit, appreciate, realize, understand
e.g. I recognized Peter although I hadnt seen him for 10 years.
虽然我有10年没看到彼得了，但我认出了他。
Unprecedented: adj.空前的
Synonyms: exceptional, extraordinary
Proof: adj.有耐力的；防…的；耐…的
e.g. The tent is proof against water. 这帐篷是防水的。
Free: 免于…；不受…
e.g. The old lady is never free from pain.
老妇人一直在受苦。
Be committed to: 致力于
Ensure: vt.保证, 担保, 使安全v.确保, 确保, 保证
Synonyms: assure, guarantee, make certain, protect
Synonyms: We can ensure that the work shall be done in the right way.
我们可以保证把工作做好。
Grammar/font>
e.g. While I understand what you say, I cant agree with you.
虽然我理解你的意思，但我还是不同意。
e.g. You like tennis, while Id rather read.
你爱打网球，但我爱看书。
Passage 2
Its a strange partnership, but a very effective one: Satellites and space-shuttle-carried radar are helping archeologists. How? By seeing through sand or through treetops to locate important archeological sites.
The traditional tools for archeologists are shovels and picks. But high technology is making the archeologists work and time far more productive.
Take, for example, the second 1981 flight of the Space Shuttle Challenger. During the mission, a powerful, experimental radar was pointed at a lifeless stretch of desert in Egypt called the Selima Sand Sheet(part of the Sahara
Desert). To everyones surprise, the radar penetrated through the sand to the harder rock beneath. On the surface, there is a little indication that Africas
Sahara
Desert was never anything but a desert. When the archeologists studied the radar images, they saw what seemed to be impossible: there was sand-buried landscape that was shaped by flowing water; traces of ancient riverbeds appeared to be over nine miles wide, far wider than most sections of the present-day Nile
River. Today, the area is one of the hottest, driest desert in the world.
Archeologists dug pits along the old river banks and found clues to the past: stream-rounded pebbles (鹅卵石),Stone-Age axes, broken ostrich (鸵鸟) eggshells, and the shells of land snails. The archeologists were quite pleased with these findings. For years, theyd been finding stone axes scattered through the desert, and couldnt understand why. Now we know that early humans were living on the banks of old rivers, and left their beautiful tools behind. Some are so sharp that you could shave with them.
More recently, Landsat 4, a special earth-mapping satellite, aided in the discovery of ancient Mayan ruins in Mexico. Lansat can, with the help of false-color imagery, see through much of the area. Armed with these maps, a five-person expedition took to the air in a helicopter.
By the end of the second day, the team found a stretch of walled fields that expedition members said look like old New England fences. They just go on, non-stop, for 40 miles. Later in the week, an ancient village was pinpointed, as was the lost city of Oxpemul, once found in the early 1930s but quickly reclaimed by the jungle. The findings made them able to map the extent of the Mayan civilization in about five days. Working on foot, it would have taken at least 100 years.
1. With the help of the space-shuttle carried radar, archeologists found
A. a new stretch of the Sahara desert.
B. traces of ancient riverbeds under the Sahara
Desert.
C. some traditional archeological tools in the Sahara
Desert.
D. a mountain beneath the Sahara
Desert.
2. Which of the following is true of the sand-buried landscape?
A. It was an old avenue.
B. It was an underground river.
C. It was shaped by flowing river.
D. It was shaped by the old Nile
River.
3. The stream-rounded pebbled and Stone-Age axes which were found along the ancient river banks show that
A. an early human civilization once existed along the old river banks.
B. ancient people didnt know how to make weapons.
C. most species of animals in Sahara have disappeared.
D. early humans were good at fighting with sharp weapons.
4. They in the second line of the last paragraph refers to
A. old New England fences.
B. the stretch of walled fields.
C. the expedition members
D. ancient villages.
5. Which of the following best summarizes the main information of the passage?
A. High-tech helps locate many fascinating archeological sites.
B. Without high-tech, the archeologists work would come to a stop.
C. High-tech has taken the place of shovels and picks.
D. High-tech makes the archeologists work more fruitful.
答案及解析：
1. B.
解题思路：该题有关具体细节，利用“space-shuttle-carried radar和被选项中共有的Sahara Desert”作为答案线索词，这样在第3段的倒数第2句中找到直接答案相关句。
Its a strange partnership, but a very effective one: Satellites and space-shuttle-carried radar are helping archeologists. How? By seeing through sand or through treetops to locate important archeological sites.（排除A）
The traditional tools for archeologists are shovels and picks. But high technology is making the archeologists work and time far more productive.
Take, for example, the second 1981 flight of the Space Shuttle Challenger. During the mission, a powerful, experimental radar was pointed at a lifeless stretch of desert in Egypt called the Selima Sand Sheet(part of the Sahara
Desert). To everyones surprise, the radar penetrated through the sand to the harder rock beneath. On the surface, there was nearly no indication against the fact that Africas
Sahara
Desert was nothing but a desert. When the archeologists studied the radar images, they saw what seemed to be impossible: there was sand-buried landscape that was shaped by flowing water; traces of ancient riverbeds (B)appeared to be over nine miles wide, far wider than most sections of the present-day Nile
River. Today, the area is one of the hottest, driest desert in the world.
语法补充：
make/find/think of/consider/leave + n. + adj.
nothing but prep.仅是,不过是
if anything 如果有什么不同的话
sand-buried landscape = the landscape which is buried under sand.
anything but绝不；并不
e.g. I will do anything but go there.我决不到那里去。
e.g. Thats anything but true.那决不是真的。
2. C.
解题思路：该题也与细节相关，利用“sand-buried landscape”作为答案线索词，这样在第3段的倒数第2句找到直接答案相关句。
When the archeologists studied the radar images, they saw what seemed to be impossible: there was sand-buried landscape that was shaped by flowing water; traces of ancient riverbeds appeared to be over nine miles wide, far wider than most sections of the present-day Nile
River.
3. A.
解题思路：该题也与细节相关，利用“pebbles, Stone-Age axes”作为答案线索词，这样在第4段第句找到直接答案相关句。
Archeologists dug pits along the old river banks and found clues to the past: stream-rounded pebbles (鹅卵石),Stone-Age axes, broken ostrich (鸵鸟) eggshells, and the shells of land snails. The archeologists were quite pleased with these findings. For years, theyd been finding stone axes scattered through the desert, and couldnt understand why. Now we know that early humans were living on the banks of old rivers, and left their beautiful tools behind. Some are so sharp that you could shave with them.
词汇补充：
leave behind留下, 忘带，
把...丢在后面, 超过
leave for动身去(某处)
pleased adj.欣喜的, 高兴的, 满意的
(with)
e.g. We are very pleased with her decision.
我们对她的决定很满意。
4. B.
解题思路：该题考察代词的指代关系。利用时态线索：they后的谓语动词是一般现在时，所以是对客观性事物进行描述，所以答案是B（New England fences只是一个比喻）。
By the end of the second day, the team found a stretch of walled fields that expedition members said look like old New England fences. They just go on, non-stop, for 40 miles. Later in the week, an ancient village was pinpointed, as was the lost city of Oxpemul, once found in the early 1930s but quickly reclaimed by the jungle. The findings made them able to map the extent of the Mayan civilization in about five days. Working on foot, it would have taken at least 100 years.
词汇补充：
reclaim: vt. 开垦, 开拓, 改造, (从废料中)回收, 利用
e.g. reclaim land from the sea填海拓地
e.g. reclaim valuable materials from wastes
从废物中回收有价值的材料
once: conj一旦；一…就…
e.g. Once printed, this dictionary will be very popular!
一旦出版，这本词典将会非常畅销！
e.g. Once he arrives we can start.
他一到我们就可以动身。
5. D.
解题思路：该题问及文章主题，注意抓住文章核心词（Space-Age/high-tech; archeology），浏览文章发现（文章第2段中的句子是文章的中心（But high technology is making the archeologists work and time far more productive.）因为在该句后面的段落都是在举例论证该论点。）。所以判断答案为D。
阅读理解（4）
前言
阅读理解题的正确而快速的解答既取决于我们词汇量的大小，语法的熟练程度，也取决于我们平时阅读量的大小和是否在阅读中注重快速阅读的技巧，解答阅读理解题的技巧，以及是否能很快识别考点，考点的识别对我们最终肯定的确认答案是很有帮助的。
本讲讲学目的
通过阅读理解题的讲解，向考生介绍解答这种题型的思路，并借助例题进行英语词汇和语法的复习。
例题解析：
Part Three Reading Comprehension (50 minutes, 30points)
Directions: There are six passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. you should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.
Passage 1
Most older people with so-called type II diabetes(糖尿病) could stop taking insulin(胰岛素) if they would do brisk exercise for 30 minutes just there times a week , according to new medical research results reported in a Copenhagen newspaper, Results from tests conducted on diabetics at the Copenhagen central hospital Rigshopitalet’s Center for Muscle Research showed that physical exercise can boost the body’s ability to make use of insulin by 30 per cent. This is equal to the effect most elderly diabetics get from their insulin medication(药物治疗) today.
Researchers had a group of non-diabetic men and a group of men with type II diabetes, all more than 60 years of age, exercise on bicycles six times a week for three months. After the three months the doctors measured how much sugar the test subjects’ muscles could make use of as a measure for how well their insulin worked.
Associate Professor Dr Flemming Dela of the Muscle
Research
Center said the tests demonstrated that the exercising diabetics had made as good use of insulin as the healthy non-diabetic persons. “This means that the insulin works just as well for both group . Physical exercise cannot cure people of diabetes, but it can eliminate almost all their symptoms. At the same time it can put off the point at which they have to begin taking insulin,” Dela said.
Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas(胰腺) , controlling sugar in the body and is used against diabetes.
Dela said that to achieve the desired effect diabetics need only exercise to the point where they begin to sweat, but that the activity has to be maintained since it wears off after five days without sufficient exercise.
Most diabetics realize that they have to watch their diet while remaining unaware of the importance of exercise, Dela added.
1. What is the effect of exercise on elderly people with type II diabetes?
A. It can worsen their symptoms.
B. It can help the body make better use of insulin.
C. It can help them to eat more.
D. It can cure them of the disease.
2. The exercise that the researchers tried on their test subjects was
A. cycling six times a week for three months.
B. walking briskly for thirty minutes three times a week.
C. swimming twice a day.
D. running once a day.
3. The researchers checked how well the test subjects’ insulin worked by measuring
A. the blood sugar level in their bodies.
B. the length of time they could cycle in one breath.
C. the amount of sugar their muscles could make use of.
D. the amount of insulin they took.
4. It is recommended that diabetics maintain sufficient exercise since otherwise
A. their symptoms will get worse.
B. the blood sugar level will go up.
C. their condition will be out of control.
D. the desired effect cannot be achieved.
5. It can be seen from the passage that most diabetics are ignorant of
A. the significance of regular exercise.
B. the necessity of watching their diet.
C. the need to control their weight.
D. the consequences of taking too much insulin.
答案及解析：
1．直接看题解答案。
1. What is the effect of exercise on elderly people with type II diabetes?
A.It can worsen their symptoms.
B.It can help the body make better use of insulin.
C.It can help them to eat more.
D. It can cure them of the disease.
分析：利用题干中的黑体词作为答案线索词，这样直接文章中找到答案相关句，确认答案B。
Most older people with so-called type II diabetes(糖尿病) could stop taking insulin(胰岛素) if they would do brisk exercise for 30 minutes just three times a week , according to new medical research results reported in a Copenhagen newspaper, Results from tests conducted on diabetics at the Copenhagen central hospital Rigshopitalet’s Center for Muscle Research showed that physical exercise can boost the body’s ability to make use of insulin by 30 per cent.
Brisk adj.敏锐的, 凛冽的, 轻快的, 活泼的
Boost: v. 增进；改善
e.g. We need to boost our spirits.
我们需要鼓舞士气。
Grammar: vt. 往上推,增加, 增进
e.g. to boost prices
提高价格
according to new medical research results reported in a Copenhagen newspaper, Results from tests conducted on diabetics at... 定语
定语
2. The exercise that the researchers tried on their test subjects was
A.cycling six times a week for three months.
B.walking briskly for thirty minutes three times a week.
C.swimming twice a day.
D.running once a day.
This is equal to the effect most elderly diabetics get from their insulin medication(药物治疗) today.
分析：利用题干中的黑体词作为答案线索词，这样在文章中找到直接答案相关句，确认答案A。
Researchers had a group of non-diabetic men and a group of men with type II diabetes, all more than 60 years of age, exercise on bicycles six times a week for three months.
3. The researchers
（揭示该题答案位置应该与上一题答案位置接近）checked how well the test subjects’ insulin worked by measuring
A.the blood sugar level in their bodies.
B.the length of time they could cycle in one breath.
C.the amount of sugar their muscles could make use of.
D.the amount of insulin they took.
分析：利用题干中的黑体词作为答案线索词，这样在文章中找到直接答案相关句，确认答案。该题的考点就是考察该句句意。
After the three months the doctors measured how much sugar the test subjects’ muscles could make use of as a measure for how well their insulin worked.
4. It is recommended that diabetics maintain sufficient exercise since otherwise
A.their symptoms will get worse.
B.the blood sugar level will go up.
C.their condition will be out of control.
D.the desired effect cannot be achieved.
分析：利用题干中的黑体词作为答案线索词，这样在文章中找到直接答案相关句，确认答案。该题考察代词的指代内容。
Associate Professor Dr Flemming Dela of the Muscle Research Center said the tests demonstrated that the exercising diabetics（糖尿病患者） had made as good use of insulin as the healthy non-diabetic persons. “This means that the insulin works just as well for both group. Physical exercise cannot cure people of diabetes, but it can eliminate almost all their symptoms. At the same time it can put off the point at which they have to begin taking insulin,” Dela said.
Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas(胰腺) , controlling sugar in the body and is used against diabetes.
Dela said that to achieve the desired effect, diabetics need only exercise to the point where/at which they begin to sweat, but that the activity has to be maintained since it wears off after five days without sufficient exercise.
Eliminate: vt.排除, 消除
Put off: v.推迟, 拖延
Wear off: vi.逐渐减弱, 消失, 磨损, 耗损
5. It can be seen from the passage that most diabetics
are ignorant of
A.the significance of regular exercise.
B.the necessity of watching their diet.
C.the need to control their weight.
D.the consequences of taking too much insulin.
分析：利用题干中的黑体词作为答案线索词，这样在文章中找到直接答案相关句。
Most diabetics realize that they have to watch their diet while remaining unaware of the importance of exercise, Dela added.
Passage 2
British scientists are breeding a new generation of rice plants that will be able to grow in soil containing salt water. Their work may enable abandoned farms to become productive once more.
Tim Flowers and Tony Yeo, from Sussex
University’s School of Biological Sciences, have spent several years researching how crops, such as rice, could be made to grow in water that has become salty.
The pair have recently begun a three-year programme, funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, to establish which genes enable some plants to survive salty conditions. The aim is to breed this capability into crops, starting with rice.
It is estimated that each year more than 100 hectares (公顷) of agricultural land are lost because salt gets into the soil and stunts (妨碍生长)plants. The problem is caused by several factors. In the tropics, mangroves (红树林) that create swamps (沼泽) and traditionally formed barriers to sea water have been cut down. In the Mediterranean, a series of droughts have caused the water table to drop, allowing sea water to seep (渗透) in. in Latin America, irrigation often causes problems when water is evaporated (蒸发) by the heat, leaving salt deposits behind.
Excess salt then enters the plants and prevents them functioning normally. Heavy concentrations of minerals in the plants stop them drawing up the water they need to survive.
To overcome these problems, Flowers and Yeo decided to breed rice plants that take in very little salt and store what they do absorb in cells that do not affect the plants’ growth. They have started to breed these characteristics into a new rice crop, but it will take about eight harvests before the resulting seeds are ready to be considered for commercial use.
Once the characteristics for surviving salty soil are known, Flowers and Yeo will try to breed the appropriate genes into all manners of crops and plants. Land that has been abandoned to nature will then be able to bloom again, providing much needed food in the poorer countries of the world.
1 Which of the following statements about Flowers and Yeo is true?
A They are students at Sussex
University.
B They are rice breeders.
C They are husband and wife
D They are colleagues at an institution of higher learning.
2 Flowers and Yeo have started a programme
A to find ways to prevent water pollution.
B to identify genes that promote growth in salty soil.
C to breed rice plants that taste salty.
D to find ways to remove excessive salt from soil.
3 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of the problem discussed in the passage?
A Natural barriers to sea water have been destroyed.
B The water table has gone down after droughts.
C Sea level has been continuously rising.
D Evaporation of water leaves salt behind.
4 The word “affect” in Paragraph 6 could be best replaced by
A “influence”
B “effect”
C “stop”
D “present”
5 The attitude of the author towards the research project is
A positive
B negative.
C suspicious
D indifferent.
答案及解析p>
1.直接看问题,解题p>
1 Which of the following statements about Flowers and Yeo is true?
A They are students at Sussex
University.
B They are rice breeders.
C They are husband and wife
D They are colleagues at an institution of higher learning.
分析/span>利用题干中的黑体词作为答案线索,根据被选项的内容特点判定问题是在问这两个人之间的关系.
考点/span>考察考生根据文章细节进行推断的能力.
应对方法/span>借助上下文中相关结构的内容.
British scientists are breeding a new generation of rice plants that will be able to grow in soil containing salt water. Their work may enable abandoned farms to become productive once more.
Tim Flowers and Tony Yeo, from Sussex University’s School of Biological Sciences, have spent several years researching how crops, such as rice, could be made to grow in water that has become salty.
The pair(造成陷阱) have recently begun a three-year programme, funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, to establish which genes enable some plants to survive salty conditions. The aim is to breed this capability into crops, starting with rice.
Breed v.(使)繁殖, 教养, 抚养n.品种, 种类
Synonyms: bring up, cultivate, produce, raise
.. soil containing salt water = ..soil which contains salt water
productive: adj.生产性的, 生产的, 能产的, 多产的
The aim is to breed this capability into crops, starting with rice.
= The aim is to breed this capability into crops, and starts with rice.
Pair: n. 夫妻, 有共同的兴趣并在一起的两个人
e.g. a pair of hunters.一对猎人
2 Flowers and Yeo have started a programme(提示/span>该题的答案相关句和上题的答案相关句应该接近)
A to find ways to prevent water pollution.
B to identify genes that promote growth in salty soil.
C to breed rice plants that taste salty.
D to find ways to remove excessive salt from soil.
考点: 考察不定式的结构语意 --可以表示目的.
应对方法/span>围绕文章中心(文章标题可以体现)判断答案.
The pair have recently begun a three-year programme, funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, to establish which genes enable some plants to survive salty conditions. The aim is to breed this capability into crops, starting with rice.
3 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of the problem discussed in the passage?
A Natural barriers to sea water have been destroyed.
B The water table has gone down after droughts.
C Sea level has been continuously rising.
D Evaporation of water leaves salt behind.
考点: 考察对文章中具体细节的确认.
It is estimated that each year more than 100 hectares (公顷) of agricultural land are lost because salt gets into the soil and stunts (妨碍生长)plants. The problem is caused by several factors. In the tropics, mangroves (红树林) that create swamps (沼泽) and traditionally formed barriers to sea water have been cut down. In the Mediterranean, a series of droughts have caused the water table (地下水位)to drop, allowing sea water to seep (渗透) in. In Latin America, irrigation often causes problems when water is evaporated (蒸发) by the heat, leaving salt deposits behind.
In the Mediterranean, a series of droughts have caused the water table (地下水位)to drop, allowing sea water to seep (渗透) in = In the Mediterranean, a series of droughts have caused the water table (地下水位)to drop, and allowed sea water to seep (渗透) in.
..when water is evaporated (蒸发) by the heat, leaving salt deposits behind = when water is evaporated (蒸发) by the heat and leaves salt deposits behind.
4 The word “affect” in Paragraph 6 could be best replaced by
A “influence”
B “effect”
C “stop”
D “present”
考点: 考察文章中某个词(往往是多义词或生词)的含义.
应对方法/span>根据该词在文章中搭配结构的用法和相关结构的语意判断答案.
To overcome these problems, Flowers and Yeo decided to breed rice plants that take in very little salt and store what they do absorb in cells that do not affect the plants’ growth.
Take in: v.接受, 吸收, 理解, 包括, 轻信,欺骗
5 The attitude of the author towards the research project is
A positive
B negative.
C suspicious
D indifferent.
考点: 该题考察文章的主题.
应对方法: 注意文章开头/结尾处句子句意的表述.
开头句: British scientists are breeding a new generation of rice plants that will be able to grow in soil containing salt water. Their work may enable abandoned farms to become productive once more.
结尾句: Once the characteristics for surviving salty soil are known, Flowers and Yeo will try to breed the appropriate genes into all manners of crops and plants. Land that has been abandoned to nature will then be able to bloom again, providing much needed food in the poorer countries of the world.
by nature: 本性, 天生, 就其本性而言
in nature: 性质上; 实际上, 事实上
[疑问句、否定或包含最高级的句中加强语气]究竟, 完全, 在世界上, 在任何地方
阅读理解 （5）
v 例题解析
passage 1
Obesity refers to the medical condition characterized by storage of excess body fat. The human body naturally stores fat tissue under the skin and around organs and joints. Fat is critical for good health because it is a source of energy when the body lacks the energy necessary to sustain life processes, and it provides insulation and protection for internal organs. But too much fat in the body is associated with a variety of health problems.
Most physicians use the body mass index(BMI) to determine desirable weights. BMI is calculated as weight divided by height and people with a BMI of 27 or above are considered obese.
Weight-height tables, such as those published by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, are also used as general measures of desirable weight ranges. These tables assign a range of weights for particular height. For example, a man of 1.8m has a desirable a range 66 to 83 kg, with an average of 75 kg. A woman who is 1.6m has a desirable range between 53 and 70 kg, with an average of 62kg.
The BMI and weight-height tables only provide rough estimates of desirable weights and scientists recognize that many other factors besides height affect weight. Weight alone may not be an indicator of fat, as in the case of a body-builder who may have a high BMI because of a high percentage of muscle tissue, which weighs more fat. Likewise, a person with a sedentary lifestyle may be within a desirable weight range but have excess fat tissue.
Obesity increases the risk of developing disease. According to some estimates, almost 70 percent of heart disease cases are linked to excess body fat, and obese people are more than twice as likely to develop high blood pressure. Obese women are at nearly twice the risk for developing breast cancer, and all obese people have an estimated 43 percent higher chance of developing colon cancer. The risk of medical complications, particularly heart disease, increases when body fat is distributed around the waist, especially in the abdomen. This type of upper body fat distribution is more common in men than in women.
The social and psychological problems experienced by obese people are also formidable. Stereotypes about “fat” people are often translated into discriminatory practices in education, employment, and social relationships. The consequences of being in a world where people had better be “thin” are especially severe for women, whose appearances are often judged against an ideal of exaggerated sliminess.
练习：
1．What is obesity?
A) Obesity is having fat tissue under the skin
B) Obesity is having fat tissue around organs
C) Obesity is being too fat
D) Obesity is having good health
2. If we say that “fat is critical for good health”, we mean that
A) fat people should be criticized
B) fat is very important for people to keep healthy
C) people should be fat if they want to be healthy
D) having much fat in the body in the body is certainly associated with health problems
3. If a woman is 1.6m tall and weighs 49 kg, she
A) is considered within the desirable weight-height range
B) is definitely unhealthy
C) should be considered fat
D) should not be considered unhealthy
4. A heavy man
A) certainly has a lot of fat in him
B) usually has a sedentary lifestyle
C) certainly has a lot muscle in him
E) may have muscle tissue that weighs more than fat
5. According to this article, fat people may be
A) looked down upon by others
B) welcomed by others
C) considered severely ill
D) thought of having special problems.
v 答案及解析：
1． 抓住文章主题/中心词—文章重复出现的词汇/结构。
Obesity refers to the medical condition characterized by storage of excess body fat. The human body naturally stores fat tissue under the skin and around organs and joints. Fat is critical for good health because it is a source of energy when the body lacks the energy necessary to sustain life processes, and it provides insulation and protection for internal organs. But too much fat in the body is associated with a variety of health problems.
Most physicians use the body mass index(BMI) to determine desirable weights. BMI is calculated as weight divided by height and people with a BMI of 27 or above are considered obese.
Weight-height tables, such as those published by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, are also used as general measures of desirable weight ranges. These tables assign a range of weights for particular height. For example, a man of 1.8m has a desirable a range 66 to 83 kg, with an average of 75 kg. A woman who is 1.6m has a desirable range between 53 and 70 kg, with an average of 62kg.
The BMI and weight-height tables only provide rough estimates of desirable weights and scientists recognize that many other factors besides height affect weight. Weight alone may not be an indicator of fat, as in the case of a body-builder who may have a high BMI because of a high percentage of muscle tissue, which weighs more fat. Likewise, a person with a sedentary lifestyle may be within a desirable weight range but have excess fat tissue.
Obesity increases the risk of developing disease. According to some estimates, almost 70 percent of heart disease cases are linked to excess body fat, and obese people are more than twice as likely to develop high blood pressure. Obese women are at nearly twice the risk for developing breast cancer, and all obese people have an estimated 43 percent higher chance of developing colon cancer. The risk of medical complications, particularly heart disease, increases when body fat is distributed around the waist, especially in the abdomen. This type of upper body fat distribution is more common in men than in women.
The social and psychological problems experienced by obese people are also formidable. Stereotypes about “fat” people are often translated into discriminatory practices in education, employment, and social relationships. The consequences of being in a world where people had better be “thin” are especially severe for women, whose appearances are often judged against an ideal of exaggerated sliminess.
2.直接看问题句及备选项，注意它们在句意上，结构上及用词上的特点。
1．What is obesity（核心词/线索词）?
A．Obesity is having fat tissue under the skin
B．Obesity is having fat tissue around organs
C．Obesity is being too fat
D．Obesity is having good health
分析：选项A和B在结构和含义上相关，借助题干中的核心词在文章中找答案相关句：
Obesity refers to the medical condition characterized by storage of excess body fat. （该句暗示答案C）The human body naturally stores fat tissue under the skin and around organs （与选项A和B有关，但从句意分析不是答案。）and joints. Fat is critical for good health because it is a source of energy when the body lacks the energy necessary to sustain life processes, and it provides insulation and protection for internal organs. But（But这样具有转折含义的词往往引导出作者真正的意图或观点句）too much fat in the body is associated with a variety of health problems.（该句的句意直接决定答案：该段开头提到“脂肪”，结尾又提到“脂肪”）
2. If we say that “fat is critical for good health”（线索结构）, we mean that
A． fat people should be criticized
（该备选项提示对问题句中“critical”的一种理解：批评的）
B． fat is very important for people to keep healthy（该备选项提示对问题句中“critical”的另一种理解：关键的）
C． people should be fat if they want to be healthy（句意违背常识）
D． having much fat in the body in the body is certainly associated with health problems（certainly的出现暗示句意太绝对。参考：其他可能“绝对”词：completely, absolutely, definitely, all, no, certainly,等）
B．分析：利用题干中的线索结构，找到包含该结构的句子：
Fat is critical for good health because it is a source of energy when the body lacks the energy necessary to sustain life processes, and it provides insulation（绝缘） and protection for internal organs.（该句在句意上是在述说fat的好处，因此判断B是答案） But too （too有无决定D是否正确）much fat in the body is associated with
（暗示certainly这个词）a variety of health problems.
Sustain vt.支撑, 撑住, 维持, 持续
Synonyms: bear, endure, keep up, maintain, stand, support, tolerate
Critical adj 苛求的；批判性的, 严重的；危险的
Synonyms: crucial, decisive, faultfinding, pressing, urgent
e.g. a critical illness 危险的病
e.g. a man with a critical eye 具有批判眼光的人
compp>
tough adj 强壮的；坚强的；坚韧的；困难的；费力的；强硬的
synonyms: complicated, difficult, durable, firm, hard, strong, sturdy
e.g. as tough as leather 像皮革一样坚韧
e.g. This meat is tough. 这肉咬不动。
e.g. a tough policy 强硬的政策